Therefore, the diffraction grating imaging system can be one of the promising techniques in 3-D information processing systems such as 3-D object recognition and depth extraction.Ī diffraction grating imaging system consists of two processes. Thus, it is easy to concatenate two or more gratings to design a 3-D imaging system, Also, it is free from optical aberration that occurs in the lens array. In addition, the grating in use is thinner, lighter, and less expensive than a lens array. The optical structure of DGI is inexpensive and simple compared with the camera array system. The optical configuration of a DGI system consists of an amplitude diffraction grating in the form of a transmissive film, a camera, and a laser as a light source. Recently, a diffraction grating imaging (DGI) system has been introduced to acquire and process a 3-D image. This image array is one of the effective 3-D image formats in 3-D image processing and visualization. As the first step in integral imaging, 3-D image acquisition is essential in that its optical devices provide image data for 3-D objects as an image array. They can be applied to various applications such as 3-D depth extraction, 3-D display, 3-D visualization, 3-D pattern recognition, 3-D reconstruction, etc. Normally, 3-D integral imaging systems employ a camera array, a lens array, or a moving camera to construct 3-D systems. Among them, integral imaging was proposed as one of the promising techniques for 3-D applications by Lippman in 1908. The main components of a 3-D imaging system are divided into 3-D image acquisition, 3-D image processing, and 3-D visualization. Also, their application fields are very broad such as augmented reality, autonomous driving, entertainment, defense, and biomedical imaging. Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging plays a key role in 3-D techniques. The results indicate that our diffraction grating imaging system is superior to the existing method. Optical experiments with three-wavelength lasers are conducted to evaluate the proposed system. A computational 3-D imaging system based on the analysis is proposed to enhance the image quality in diffraction grating imaging. To apply the multiple wavelength system to a diffraction grating imaging system efficiently, we analyze the effects on the system parameters such as spatial periods and parallax angles for different wavelengths. Integration of these volumes can reduce noises, artifacts, and blurring in grating imaging since the original signals of 3-D objects inside these volumes are integrated by our computational reconstruction method. The proposed imaging system can produce multiple volumes through multiple laser illuminators with different wavelengths. In this paper, we propose a diffraction grating imaging system with multiple wavelengths to overcome these problems. However, a diffraction grating imaging system still suffers from noises, artifacts, and blurring due to the diffraction nature and illumination of single wavelength lasers. The diffraction grating imaging system has advantages such as no spherical aberration and a low-cost system, compared with the well-known 3-D imaging systems based on a lens array or a camera array. It was proven that a diffraction grating imaging system works well as a 3-D imaging system in our previous studies. This paper describes a computational 3-D imaging system based on diffraction grating imaging with laser sources of multiple wavelengths.
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